2. The anthropological meaning of culture. The biological attributes that made culture possible. Aspects and attributes of culture Community, Society and Culture. Institution, Group and Association. Status and Role. Caste and Class.

3. Field work and field work traditions in Anthropology; Geneological method, Observation, Schedules and Questionnaires.

4. Views on Organic Evolution : Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism, Lamarckism, Neo-Lamarckism. Synthetic theory.

5. Man's place in the animal kingdom. A comparative anatomical study of Primates with special reference to the
anthropoid apes and man.

6. The meaning and scope of different kinds of Archaeology ; Classical, historical, Prehistoric and pretehistoric. Methods of dating : absolute and relative.

The Great Ice Age: Stratigraphic and other evidences.

7. General features of plaeolithic, Mesclithic. and neolithic cultures of Europe. Indus Valley. Civilization.

SECTION-II-a

1. Fossil evidence for Human Evolution :Dryopithecus, Ramapithecus, Australopithecus Homoe- rectus (Pithecanthropus, Sinanthropus) Neanderthal, Homo sapiens (Cro-magnon, Crimaldi),

2. Changes, brought about in man as a result of erect posture, with special reference to skull, vertebral column, pelvic girdle and limbs.

3. Laws of Heredity, Mechanism of inheritance : role of mitetic and ciotic cell divisions DNA and RNA. Types of inheritance Autosomal, sex linked.

4. Types of twins and their importance in genetic investigations Eugenics. Genetic counselling.

5. Formation of Ethnic groups, Criteria for ethnic classification. Major ethnic stocks of the world and their broad sub -divisions. Ethnic elements in India.

SECTION-II-b

1. Man and Nature: Material culture and Technology (Fire, cooking and preservation of food; Shelter, clothing,
Transport)

2. Primitive Economy : Relation between natural environment and primitive economy. Modes of production. Primitive systems of Exchange and Distribution : Barter, Ceremonial exchange. Reciprocity and Redistribution. Market exchange.

3. Forms of marriage : Monogamy, Polygamy (Polygyny and polyandry) Marriage payments ; Dowry and Bride Price. Types of Family : Nuclear, Joint and Extended Kinship terms • Descriptive and classificatory. Avoidance ,and Joking relationship.

4. Patterns of residence ; Uxorilocal, Virilocal and Neolocal. Unilineal • descent systems ; Matriliny and patriliny. Bilateral and Double descent.

5. Anthoropological perspective on the study of law and politics. Distinction between states and stateless societies. Law in primitive society.

PAPER-II

Tribal India:

1.Definition of Tribe and Scheduled Tribe -Geographical distribution of tribes and their ethnic and linguistic affinities.

2. Tribal Economy- Hunting, Fishing, Shifting cultivation and settled agriculture.

Economic interrelationships- Relationship of tribes with agricultural traders and money lenders. Industrial impact on tribal economy.

3. Religion in tribal India- Animistic and Totemic beliefs and practices. Magic and witchcraft, Shamanism, Myths, Head hunting, Human sacrifice. Impact of Hinduism and Christianity on tribal religion.

4. Social and Political Organisation of Indian Tribes- Marriage and Family Organisation. Types, Organisation and Functions of Youth Dermitories.

5. Tribal Development- History and Approaches. Tribal problems : Isolation, Migration, Acculturation, Detribalisation.

Tribal movements in India, with special reference to Madhya Pradesh.